Volume 18 Issue 1 Volume 17 Issue 1 Volume 16 Issue 1 Volume 15 Issue 1 Volume 15 Issue 2 Volume 15 Issue 3 Volume 14 Issue 1 Volume 14 Issue 2 Volume 14 Issue 3 Volume 14 Issue 4 Volume 13 Issue 1 Volume 13 Issue 2 Volume 12 Issue 1 Volume 12 Issue 2 Volume 12 Issue 3 Users can also follow tags and see real time updates from any Tumblr site posting about the tag.
In a recent study, researchers observed a number of Tumblr fandom sites, recruited participants to complete surveys for context, and conducted semi-structured interviews. Using open, axial, and selective coding, they found that the social networking of Tumblr fandoms were a complex and unique experience. A primary finding was the strong and often obsessive sense of community that goes far beyond the original blogging purpose of Tumblr.
Fandoms on Tumblr also employ specific jargon - OTP Original True Pairing to describe characters or people that fans pair or ship from relationship , and within kpop fandoms, fans have biases, specific members of kpop groups that they like the most. The unique user interface and accessibility of Tumblr differentiate it from other social networking platforms, allowing for a rapid dissemination of content, as well as continuous curation of past media that are easily searchable.
Users can therefore produce a high-volume of posts without ever having to stop scrolling through the dashboard page. This facilitates the consistent consumption of images, content, and media while also promoting consumption to others, while concurrently establishing oneself as a producer of content, through the process of reblogging. These factors enable Tumblr to cultivate cohesive kpop fan communities that can easily identify each other interact internationally and constantly reblogging, liking, simply viewing posts.
Tumblr provides a space for fans to interact in real time - for example, when during live streams of performances, fans will post and tag reactions that affirm community and affinity for the artist of interest.
The continued production and consumption of popular cultural commodities on Tumblr helps to sustain the fandom-related aesthetic identities of these fandom members.
Tumblr sites are utilized by fans to disseminate translated news, distribute fan work, and revel in the constant barrage of media about their focus of interest. Tumblr facilitates the distribution of fan-created content, which is a defining and essential part of kpop fandoms. Tumblr is space where fans can find print content exclusively published in certain countries, such as regional magazine photoshoots.
Additionally, fans post photo booklets included with the purchase physical albums, which vary with which country the album is released in.
Tumblr allow fans to connect globally and share information while building strong affinity for one another cross- culturally. When new music videos or interviews are released, certain fans will analyze and recap frame by frame and engage in dialogue with others through reblogging.
There are two general types of video clips uploaded to Tumblr. The fans actively and voluntarily translate these videos, and these participation practices enforce the transcultural flow of Korean media content Jung Fans also take personal video footage of the kpop artists - at the airport, at fan meetings, performing, etc, and these raw videos are what bond the fans to the artists.
They are able to see the artists as ordinary humans outside of their performance or broadcast personas. Kpop fans not only edit images, but also add subtitles for speech, and create a sort of remix digital art.
Fans also exercise artistic creativity in formatting and sizing their images within the column limits of the Tumblr layout. Social Norms of Kpop Fan Communities and Copyright Implications The broader kpop community has existing social norms that shape fan culture and dictate how fan-content is distributed.
In this online fan community there are two unofficial rules. Davis argues that fans who want rights over their original content should use creative commons licensing or use other online mediums that would provide stricter distribution rights. The second rule is to not draw attention to the copyright infringement of uploaded Korean content TV clips, interviews. Oftentimes fans will post copyrighted content with disguised titles, or with a disclaimer of no copyright infringement intended, claiming that is ultimately for the promotion of k-pop.
It would, however, be difficult to ensure that fans will adhere to actual copyright policies, especially because of the longstanding accessibility to this content and the general ignorance of younger fans. The often bilingual owners of certain Tumblrs receive this media directly from Korean outlets or from official Korean fan groups. To fans not respecting these social norms of ownership September an internal protest was organized by the managers of Tumblrs that post original broadcasted or fan- taken content from Korea or usually other Asian countries to which kpop artists often tour.
During this day Korean Data Blackout, they did not post any content. Instead, they collectively featured the same post that detailed the need for internationals fans to respect and recognize the work and effort of Korean fans and owners of these Tumblr sites to get the original media.
It is unclear to what effect this blackout had, since even though new content was not being posted, fans could still re-post older content or make new fan art with existing content. Ultimately the blackout was misleading because it conflated unofficial fandom rules with actual copyright laws Davis. However, the issue was less about fans needing to respect copyright regulations of broadcasted and published media, and more about fans getting credit for the work they put in to secure or creatively transform aforementioned copyrighted media.
In South Korea, music does not make much money because of widespread piracy issues Oh and Lee Most music is sold at a low-price for mobile phone streaming, so actual profit comes from selling physical records and TV appearances or endorsements by music groups. Traditionally, Korean music companies have gone to Japan to make real profits because of their strict copyright laws that force fans to purchase the physical albums. Revenue from growing international consumption of k-pop in recent years has significantly increased the profit and global influence of the k-pop music and culture.
The most important element of this spread was YouTube as it provided access to the content to fans in different countries, and the popularity and high view counts of music videos created a beneficial momentum. Researchers argue that depending solely on YouTube and iTunes is not a sustainable solution because the large international fan communities embody social-media driven consumption, through which piracy is rampant The premiere volume of The Journal of Comics and Culture features articles on such diverse subjects as the resistance of the female superhero comic fan, comics and the evolving memory of Vietnam, and transtexuality elements in comic books.
In addition, the volume features notes on a comic in progress and book reviews of recent notable comic book scholarship. New Yorker review of Black Panther. New Yorker article on the the politics of Black Panther. Unflattening by Nick Sousonis. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn.
0コメント